CAVES CHAPARRO

CAVES CHAPARRO
The caves of chaparral are located in the village of El Chaparro, an hour about the urban municipality of Iquira, Cave Chaparro is a natural cavity in the ground caused by the action of water and tributaries throughout the centuries , worth knowing his remarkable canyons and mazes. It is exotic and shelters many flora and fauna in its cavities, these caves are moist and dark; is highly variable diameter as in parts only fit one person.
I invite you to come and visit these caves and it would be good to come with their families and spend a good time was the say because I've had the opportunity to visit these.

BY: CHARID MANUEL CEDEÑO CEDEÑO. 1002

The Gliding Was Reflected With More Enphasis In The Education

The gliding educational was coordinated between the munucipal administration and the nucleu bass, graduati Joselino Trujillo, graduate who you care to get support of the municipality and of other entities of the departamental sector, coordinated direct by Francisco Velasquez.
The construction of some schools and the maintenece and endowment of all the remaing ones, allowed to maintin the population in the ideal town to work for thers cultural academic devolopment.
One administers and gurantee the service od school transport to all communities that they request this support.
In the region of the populated center of Rionegro two school were built, one in the siderwalk the Pato and another in the Copa.
Endowments.
For the school Maria Auxiliadora, teams were acquired of conpute and team of sound anplification, also builds a classroon.
in the sector of the center Daniel Castro, service was givem to a local for school restaurant and the comentation general.
include didactic material and sone sport and school recreation for all those school that they request it.
Laboratories.
this it was made with contributions of the municipaly, the endowment of laboratories, libraries and traings of educational of the school of Valencia De La Paz and San Luis, by means of the installacion of the program pos-primaria.
By: Daniela Perdomo Santos.               1002

HISTORICAL REVIEW

The municipality of Iquira is of indigenous. origin, descen dant of the Paez it´s of function date of 1649. By order of Francisco Ospina Martinez who gives the name of Sn Francisco of Iquira, stars the construction of the chapel requested the nombrantiento of cure in 1656. The parents franciscanos is them of Iquira fundation a center of indoctrination to be able to bring together aboriginal e inclide them faith of christ.

By: Juan Camilo Quintero Almario 1002

Church Iquira

Church Iquira

I take the opportunity to talk about the church of my Iquira municipality, because I think it is a very calm, cool, peaceful place where we can share with family, friends and why not with our partner.
It is there where we can all of us iquireños to pray to our Lord to enlighten us on the right track and we do not be guided by the wrong way, there the respective baptisms, communions, confirmations and marriages are made ... to tosos the observe this blog I invite you to visit this town when the pasadita be made for this place that I go back and tell them it is a very quiet, and very signifactivo for our people. has a very innovative and striking both infrastructure, it contains features that are made based on the ancient churches that were made in the Baroque era, because its structure on the top is based thanks to that, the saints that compose it are well maintained because iquireños have a very good way to visit this place and ensure that all shine in the best way possible, again make them an invitation to all who see this publication also be  Iquira we keep visiting our church and caring more and more so that this can be one of the best churches in the department and because no nationwide ... to you thanks for the understanding and attention.

BY: ANGIE PAOLA CASTRO QUINTERO. 1002

Piamonte

Piamonte in the beautiful land of Piamonte lived about Indians living flora and fauna and flora deln place, which the farm was called with the name of banana, when at that Iquira time was called Iquira village, in the 1875 November 2, according to the number writing 57, takes possession of the property Mr. Elias perdomo, grandfather of General Carlos Perdomo puyo who became a center of admiration for those who visited her, then you can generally perdomo puyo, it would be the Piamonte owner of the farm, after the death of General perdomo in 1984, Mr. alvaro took possession perdomo current owner of the estate called Piamonte.

By:Andrea Camila Castro Sora     10-02

Iquira municipality (Huila)

Iquira municipality (Huila)

Location: Iquira Township is located in the western part of Huila on the foothills of the Nevado del Huila volcano.
Dominates the mountainous topography feature, which alternates with valleys, plateaus, hills and small canyons.

Between Neiva and facilities Iquira power plant that provides power for the entire department are; They are worth admiring their intake, raceway, reservoir and certainly the roundhouse.

In the Departmental Police Inspectorate of Rionegro, some terraces and indigenous remains that until today have not been investigated are distinguished.

Central Park
                                                         ideal for retreat, permanent shelter of his beautiful ceiba and the fresh smell of its abundant coral and tidy plants. 
                                                         parish church
                                                             The parish church and rectory of Iquira have special attractions; there are ancient religious flavor and grandeur of the will of a people. Its construction was initiated late last century by Father Lucas Hortúa.

                                                             by: maryeth yubena cortez chambo 

10-02

THE ESTATE PIAMONTE

The piamonte state is located at the top of our beautiful town of Iquira, about 30 minute walking tour, we can also use means of transport; is an important site for our cultural heritage and their ancestors are made up great stories of Gral. Puyo Carlos Perdomo. When the hacienda Indians inhabited was known as the swamp; she was later taken by the grandfather of General. Overall fuel and who became a site of admiration for its flora and fauna. With the death of General  Perdomo handed to their families. 

BY: Juan Manuel Aldana Caviedes

MUNICIPALITY OF IQUIRA

iquira Township is located in the western part of the department of Huila on the foothills of the Nevado del Huila volcano.Dominates the mountainous topography feature, which alternates with valleys, plateaus, hills and small cannons.Between Neiva and facilities Iquira power plant that provides power for the entire department are; They are worth admiring its intake, raceway, reservoir and certainly the powerhouse.In the Departmental Police Inspectorate of black Rio, some terraces and indigenous remains that until now have not been investigated are distinguishedIdeal for retreat, permanent shelter of his beautiful ceiba and the fresh smell of abundant plants and tidyThe parish church and rectory of Iquira have special attractions; there are ancient religious flavor and grandeur of the will of a people. Its construction began late last century by Father Lucas Hortúa, Iquira features the well-known and distinguished for its biodiversity by its varied wildlife and forest reserve Tarpeya different animals that live there.

    karen Daniela Cedeño Castillo

CERRO NEGRO

One Sunday morning a plane from US registration flew very low Iquira, as this was not very common, people's eyes followed the apparatus in any moment the plane disappeared from view after a while he returned as the engines returned to listen, he suddenly stopped listening and as expected all turned to the scene found beyond lifeless two burly American men, two Colombians who accompanied miraculously survived and somewhat abused by the blow hit the road coming from Pacarní for help.

Dís later, relatives of the victims came for them bringing coffins large as nationwide found no adequate for your needs. Among the devices that train on the aircraft a metal detector found it is said that the Cerro Black holds a gold mine and everyone knows, have grandparents who was not a void in the air causing the tragedy but the devil who guards the treasure long.

At Easter, a small door opens for guaqueros that are to your liking extract the amount of gold you need in 15 minutes, which by ambition pass this time will be trapped forever and will become snowman gold. That explains eltemor all iquireños to venture into the place in search of treasure and no one wants to be exposed to get caught, because the devil uses many traps for the unwary escape and greedy who want to invade their land.

So far all who have ventured have not lived to tell.

ANDREY FELIPE SAAVEDRA TAMAYO 10-02

Cross hill huila Iquira.

Cross hill huila Iquira.

today I come to talk about a very important site we have in our town of Iquira which is very important for me and for many to publicize this tourist site.
It is in the top of this people, whose patron is St. Francis of Assisi and that also protects us from above from harm and danger. off having this, we have a flora and fauna very important and very wonderful truly admirable. It is why it makes much more fun, cooler travel to this place, sharing with family, with friends, and why not with our partner. It is a walk of about 30 minutes, walking and observing all the above named and besides this, admire the 14 stations also traveling here for Easter.
I would like to invite everyone to how beautiful san francisco de asis not miss, because this year with lourdes professor project coordinator will have put labor with lookouts pratrimonio clearing the way, arranging the statues, painting them etc. great invitaciónpara those tourists who do not know the hill of the cross.



By: Brayan David Cruz Diaz. 1002

ECOLOGY OF IQUIRA

ECOLOGY OF IQUIRA

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS The emergence of illicit crops since 1995 has brought consequences of different kinds and especially in the environmental aspect. It is necessary to create actions to prevent the proliferation of these crops through alternative substitution programs. Burning logging natural forests, pollution of streams, waste and sanitary sewage and garbage units, timber exploitation in an uncontrolled manner; They are creating problems of water scarcity in important buffer zones and natural sponges of the mountains, a situation that must be controlled through educational processes and awareness of the population on natural resources. In Iquira they have declared reserve areas for conservation and protection of natural resources, two strategic ecosystems of regional importance for its high water production and biological diversity of flora and fauna. Buffer Zone Natural Nevado del Huila National Park, is located on the periphery of Natural Nevado del Huila National Park and its special role within the National Park System is to reduce disturbances that may cause human action. It is located north of the municipal area bordering territory in the town of Teruel and the department of Cauca, in the jurisdiction of Narvaez, Zaragoza, Nazareth, El Rosario and Lejanías sidewalks, it has an approximate area of ​​11,478 hectares. Flags Alto Municipal Forest Reserve, occupies the central part of the territory taking the edge of Banderas from Tarpeya Forest Reserve south to the buffer zone of Natural Nevado del Huila National Park to the north; another portion corresponding to the recharge zones of ravines El Pato, La Perdiz and El Carmen territory. It is of great strategic value for being a river where they were born star tax sources of the Magdalena River through the Iquira Rivers, Black River, Narvaez and Alley; Its area is 4,511 hectares., comprising lands of the villages Villa Maria, Ibirco, El Pato, El Carmen, Quebradón, Nazareth and Zaragoza. The fragility of these ecosystems and their vulnerability to human activities, these areas have been subject to a special regime of use with the following characteristics: Main use, conservation, revegetation and repopulation with native species. Complementary use, research, supervised tourism, passive recreation. conditional use, infrastructure construction. prohibited use, hunting, agriculture, livestock, forestry or mining.

reserve tarpeya

By: Kerly Johana Trujillo Ramirez. 1002

Iquira and diversity

Iquira is a municipality in which in contramos much diversity of plants and animals is also very important to say that Iquira has deserts indigenous councils.
as we can see in this image show as houses or Chosas of people living in the countryside thanks to these people can enjoy all foods q consume daily in our homes.
Iquira is a very bariado paradise has everything that other municipalities have quisueran so I invite you to take care of the treasures that has our chological paradise.

by Juan Pablo Rodriguez.            

          

HISTORY OF OUR CITY LIGHT IQUIRA

HISTORY OF OUR CITY LIGHT IQUIRA

The foundation of Iquira dates back to 1694 by order of Francisco Martinez de Ospina who gives the name of San Francisco de Iquira a town built in what is now known alley, exactly are the territories of the farms El Carmen, La Mestiza and San Mateo. Its first inhabitants were, the Paez Indians on suspicion of a possible attack by the Indians Pijaos decided to move the people to the site it occupies today for being high ground, with strategic position to spot the enemy. So it is given the name of "High mountains" as meaning that primitive voices gave the word Iquira. In order to spread the Catholic faith among Aboriginal parents in 1656 the Franciscans founded a center of doctrine and imposed on St. Francis of Assisi as its patron. In l672 the captains Francisco Perdomo Betancourt, Francisco Trujillo and Castro, Alfonso de Montealegre and others, tried to raise the village to the category of town with the name of Iquira Alley. This attempt is unsuccessful reason why the village is abandoned as did the Spanish in all people who did not accept his whims. In 1887 Iquira is promoted to the category of municipality and by 1907 the construction of the temple began with the participation of all residents led by Lucas Ortiza priest; initiative was postponed by the war of 1000 days. As a result of that war and the ravages left by this the ability to go Iquira to the category of judges, passing to belong again to Yaguará, a situation that never consolidated considered. In 1915 ordinance number 034 by the Honorable Departmental Assembly defined the limits of the municipality. In 1955 Powerplant service it gave the Iquira river hydroelectric plant as a first generation system installed in the apartment with a capacity of about 4.500KW. In 1969, the Maria Auxiliadora College is founded and starts working with 13 students and in 1971 is at the service of the community a branch of the Caja Agraria in charge of financial services for farmers.I love this town even if not here. I would like to inform Iquira because it is a very nice town.  

By: Wilmar Eduardo Yucuma Cardozo                               Grade: 1002

tourist sites

Tarpeya

Location

On the central mountain range, to the departmental noroccidente of the whore to 81 km. of the capital city, in to path juancho of iquira's municipality, which went founded the July 9 of 1962 legal representation 040 - government for tract that villa Maria leads to the path to 6 km of the urban area.

The shortie's caves

They find themselves located at the path the sortie, to an hour approximately of the urban area of iquira's municipality. A natural cavity of the lot for causes of action of waters is Effluents through of the centuries

The cross's Hill

The cross's hill is a tourist place and priest once fifteen minutes was located of the tall part of the urban area where one of our patron saint's images finds itself St. Francisco of Asis, this place is visited by its devotees and for those than for sports they accomplish long walks and besides for spectacular panoramic sight toward the urban area and your surroundings

Black Hill

This located South Occident of iquira and to the shortie's Occident this once 1 hour was located and the stocking of the urban area of the municipality, its height belongs to 170 subways and 10 km approximately in length

by: frank alexander cubillos flor

Iquira shield

Iquira shield.

with its pentagonal shape is at the top of an Indian who is showing us the origin of our roots, at his feet a red tape that has companies the words "Iquira, CITY OF LIGHT" which refers to the first floor is rolled electric power generator to be built in this region and in Huila. the pentagon is divided into four parts: the top left where the high mountains that served our aborigines to protect the territory from attacks by their enemies pijaos, hence the name Iquira, which means "high mountains to watchtower"
susuperior in the right part is the municipal arque which is considered a beautiful turtistica attraction and one of the best in the department.
in the lower left you are an owl represents wisdom and culture of the people who has always had the municipality and have given glory at all levels.
at the bottom right is a golden horn. this gold exists in rivers and betas of our town.
surrounding the bottom of shield is a laurel wreath. Laurel was always given to the illustrious sons of the homeland and those heroes who triumphed.

BY:   DARIO ANDRES PILLIMUE MUÑOZ. 1002

municipal band Iquira

municipal band Iquira

had timely accommodate the formation of the band nunicipal Iquira in the year 1997 which joined a select group of enthusiastic children and youth of the town giving the name of the municipal youth band.
this dream come true thanks to people who are passionate about music as querubin aragones Niceforo sanchez, miller velasquez, jose elias gonzales etc.gestionaron the acquisition of musical instruments to form the band.

in the last years was the master reinel bolivar who brought the band to forward in recent years




BY: OSCAR DANIEL DURAN BARRERA. 1002

Community radio station Huila Iquira

Community radio station Huila Iquira

the November 25, 1994 aired the Iquira station stereo COMPUBLIQ (advertising company Iquira) jose gonzales elias toro (manager-director) and Luis Hernando yustres holes, pedro barrier arias, milciades pilfered valderrama, frank albin Cazallas Francisco Gonzalez bull and reinel villegas, among others, for a few months, from then on COMPUBLIQ was acquired by Jose Gonzalez elias bull and followed the station operating until 1995 when it was created community corporation communications and publications Iquira-huila, would continue leading broadcaster. communications ministry ordered the closure of the stations in the country that had no license. the corporation as an issuer license request, and in March 1997 he was accepted the request by the ministery was again in the air.

In my opinion I think this is very good thanks to the work of elias teacher, and all his assistants and good hope this continues to flow more and more, continue to improve and that this is not berry to lose as it is very important for all we iquireños.

by: Dumar Andres Arias Mosquera. 1002

E.S.E. hospital maria auxiliadora

E..S.E  Maria Auxiliadora hospital
is an organization of municipal order that originated from the testamentary donation gift fatruoso people andrade son died in the hospital of san miguel de neiva on December 27, 1921.

then the mayor through the councils and by agreement hospitals will change its name and its administration and become social enterprise status (SES).

in the administration of saints ulises andrade the Maria Auxiliadora hospital becomes the state as a social enterprise with a special category of public entity, decentralization of municipal order among others.

currently the E.S.E. Maria Auxiliadora has the following functional areas: ambulatory services, general medicine, outpatient, dental, hospitalization for patients with diseases observaciony low complexity, delivery room, operating room, clinical laboratory and pharmacy; It has ambulance service with the transfer of patients in emergencies. All these services are offered in order to give good service to the community iquireña.

 Maria Auxiliadora hospital

is an organization of municipal order that originated from the testamentary donation gift fatruoso people andrade son died in the hospital of san miguel de neiva on December 27, 1921.

then the mayor through the councils and by agreement hospitals will change its name and its administration and become social enterprise status (SES).

in the administration of saints ulises andrade the Maria Auxiliadora hospital becomes the state as a social enterprise with a special category of public entity, decentralization of municipal order among others.

currently the E.S.E. Maria Auxiliadora has the following functional areas: ambulatory services, general medicine, outpatient, dental, hospitalization for patients with diseases observaciony low complexity, delivery room, operating room, clinical laboratory and pharmacy; It has ambulance service with the transfer of patients in emergencies. All these services are offered in order to give good service to the community iquireña.

BY: ANGIE PAOLA POLO AQUITE. 1002

AGRICULTURAL BANK

agricultural bank

the current land bank is the response of the legal transformation that suffer the box industrial agricultural credit and mining established in the municipality of Iquira in 1971, it must be said, that this institution became the main source of credit financing that came to benefit the peasant sector of the region.

this entity provides credit services, current account, savings, securities, deposits, transfers, payments to government employees, payment of some public services; Also among the services the agricultural bank subsidies are paid families of action. As the only bank its permanence is essential in the municipality because this way the farmers, especially their credits transacted.

for my opinion it is very important because it helps us a lot is a fundamental tool for us iquireños, for our families, for our farmers. can make us credit also to study, to draw many things with these credits hasten that gives us the land bank of our Iquira municpio here.

BY: JESUS ALBERTO MONTEALEGRE AQUITE. 1002

Economic Aspect of Iquira

Local economic system has a basic structure common to most Municpios Huila Department, based on the existence of a primary sector, where agricultural activities take precedence over others; a secondary sector with the transformation of raw materials and a tertiary sector represented by lower commercial activity from population centers and the provision of basic public services community. All local economic system revolves tornoa agricultural production, with clear predominance of coffee monoculture in areas of outstanding medium and high above 1400 m located in the upper part of the municipal head, areas of Valencia, San Luis and Rio Negro with her paths. There is extensive livestock farming, as the predominant activity in the territories located below the village, on the river valleys Alley Iquira lower river. Also cacao, cassava, plantain, maize, semi-annual crops such as beans, peas, vegetables, fruit, passion fruit, blackberry, lulo, tree tomato. The commercial activity is centered three population centers operating as urban development poles by the influence exerted on adjacent communities; It is characterized by retail type and geared to meet the basic needs of the community for both family subsistence and the acquisition of smaller agricultural inputs. A higher level trade develops between Iquira, Rio Negro, Valencia and neighboring urban centers, which serve as final destination of agricultural and livestock production; and as a source for the supply of local merchants.

By: Laura Sofía Tamayo Zúñiga 10-02

 

Problems of our Iquira

First problem: Why not know Iquira?

For the simple reason that we have not been in a stalemate no matter what we hide, those wonders that only has Iquira, that we do not value but if we gave to know many people if they would value this beautiful paradise. Just imagine for a moment if all Colombia knew this mini Colombia because that decided to call the land where I grew up, where is all, different climates, different kinds of products with the best quality, species of flora and fauna most spectacular , the magical places we have and above all else the quality of people. This would be a city where more than one wanted to 'stick the grounder' as we say Huila know these beautiful lands, take good quality products, even come to settle here. But to present our municipality is only in our hands.

Second problem: Current status of the environmental ecosystem?

Our municipality is being seen in serious problems with water tributaries, plus some people abuse the environment and make indiscriminate felling and even kill animals as we say iquireños are the mount can also say that we need culture and we are used to create unnecessary waste dumps, in addition to all the above Telpico an oil company this after damaging the lives of many ecosystems and besides that jeopardize the life of the whole community iquireña.

Third problem: Recovery of flora and fauna?

Very few people such as break the agricultural frontier and resembran what felled outside that some farmers felled indiscriminately for their needs supposedly other bouncing the waste they produce their products some harmful to the nearest tributary, and others burn regardless of the side effects that make them.

Regarding wildlife we ​​have ourselves responsible for killing mercilessly destroy species for fun or for the simple reason that protect some crops most farmers poisoned without knowing what actually is a product consumed.

Fourth problem: the sectors of agro Iquira know?

No, we often want to know what other parts without looking that is the first thing ours, I think we do not know the number of paths with which our town now has much less the long list of products that our iquireño agricultural produce. From what I know know that we are big coffee producers and recently coffee on the sidewalk Villa Maria rang throughout Colombia as one of the best coffees in the country, besides the excellent cacao, cassava, banana, sugarcane sugar, corn, beans, blackberry, passion fruit, the Cholupa, the badea, soursop, cattle, pigs, fish and numerous other products. In conclusion our Iquira is a rough diamond in our hands this transform and make it known. Iquira light Huila city.

 Published by: Edna Maria Castro Gonzalez. 10-02

  

                    Iquira competitive organized and productive.

Although its indigenous name means "high or watchtower Montes" he is known as "City of Light" because there the first hydroelectric plant in Huila in 1955. Founded in 1694 by order of Francisco Martinez de Ospina, his first settlers were Paez Indians were built and Iquira. In 1887 she was promoted to the category of municipality, whose boundaries were defined in 1915 by Ordinance 034 Honorable Departmental Assembly. Today it has a population of 12,730 inhabitants settled mostly in rural areas, according to municipal population projections by area 2006-2020 prepared by the DANE.

Located 64 kilometers from Neiva, the West Department on the eastern slope of the mountain range Central corresponding to the foothills of the Nevado del Huila volcano is a beautiful and imposing territory of mountains, valleys, plateaus, hills and small canyons, where alluvial and lode gold is. By its topography it has several climates: warm, medium, cold and moor, where coffee plantations predominant crop are also cocoa, cassava, bananas, corn, beans, peas, vegetables, fruit, passion fruit, blackberry, lulo and tree tomato. Through its territory cross several rivers: the Black, the Iquira, the Yaguará, the Bear and the Macuri, and streams of Aguacate, Ant, Jao, Quebradón, Fique and cedar, and other smaller streams flow.

Laura Mercedes Rivas Carvajal  / 1002 

GEOGRAPHY THE MUNICIPALITY OF IQUIRA

The municipality from Iquira this located in the  part  western the departament the Huila in  zone mountainous and over the footing the mount from volcano from Huila. The climate which predominates  is warm even if are found the rest of climates by the differrent  changes  of temperatura.

Limitations the  municipality:

Limited to the north with the municipality of Teruel, to the south with municipality of Tesalia, to the orient with the municipality of Teruel and Yaguara and west with Nataga and the department the Cauca.

Extensión total: 532 Km2

Temperature average: 22° cº C

The vegetation: In the municipality of Iquira are encounter the reserve forest of Tarpeya.

Economy: the economy the municipality are sustain in activities farming and cattle raising.

Number of people: The number the people the municipality of Iquira are 11650 people.

Culture: There are diverse sites tourist of higher attraction to iquireños and those who the visit.

 NESTOR FERNANDO PEÑA PERDOMO 10-02

NATURE PRESERVATION AREAS

In Iquira they have declared reserve areas for conservation and protection of natural resources, strategic ecosystems of regional importance because of its high water production and biological diversity of flora and fauna.

Snowy buffer zone Huila natural national park, is located on the outskirts of Mount Huila natural national park and its special role in the national park system is to reduce disturbances that can cause human action.

It is located north of the municipal territory on border with the town of Teruel and the department of Cauca, in the jurisdiction of Narvaez, Zaragoza, Nazareth, the rosary and distances paths, has an approximate area of 11,478 hectares.

 JUAN MANUEL VARGAS LEIVA 10-02

THE SANPEDRO

The Department of Huila thanks to the hospitality of its inhabitants is proud to offer to locals and visitors alike a valuable cultural legacy, transmitted from parents to children; the cultural richness is reflected in large part thanks to one of the biggest events in the country and unique in its kind: "The Festival folk and reign of the Bambuco" recently declared cultural patrimony of the nation. In the month of June, the Huilenses are fortunate to host family and friends residing in other Colombian and foreign regions; They anxiously looking for a healthy fun very soon become protagonists of our joy and tradition participating in events as the sacrifice of the pig, the preparation of roast, tamales, so the variety of typical foods which, thanks to their smells and exclusive flavors, leave aside any kind of diet. To laugh a little nothing better than listening to the spicy rajalenas, for the dance popular bands and country music. Unfortunately due to the intrusion of new cultures through the means of communication, especially radio, television and the Internet, our festival tries to take other paths, this is how they sound musical air of other regions (including foreign) that prevent the youth know how they lived and their parents and grandparents enjoyed.

 EDUAR CAMILO ZUÑIGA TAMAYO 10-02